![]() The letter(s) in the middle is the symbol of the element. Then we’ll go through two examples together. We’ll first start by discussing what each of the components in the nuclide notation means. Solid helium has been observed to possess a crystalline structure.In this post, we’ll be going over how to determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom or ion. Helium remains liquid down to absolute zero under normal pressure, forming a solid at temperatures between 1 K and 1.5 K and 2.5 MPa pressure. One distinctive property of atomic number 2 is that this element cannot be frozen into a solid form unless it is pressurized.Helium is used for research into superconductivity and the behavior of matter at a temperature approaching absolute zero. The element is also used as a purge gas, to grow silicon wafers and other crystals, and as a protective gas for welding. ![]() The principal commercial use of helium is for MRI scanners. Atomic number 2 is used for party balloons, but it's primary use is in the cryogenic industry for cooling superconducting magnets.The source of helium is a non-renewable resource, so there may come a time when we run out of a practical source for this element. The largest supplier of the gas is the United States. The primary source of the element on Earth is from liquefaction from natural gas. Some types of natural gas, such as that from Texas and Kansas, contain helium. However, the element is rare on Earth (5.2 ppm by volume in the atmosphere) because nonreactive helium is light enough that it can escape Earth's gravity and be lost to space. Atomic number 2 is the second most abundant element in the universe, after hydrogen.This is why a filled helium balloon deflates over time - the helium escapes through tiny pores in the material. Single helium atoms are so small they pass between many other molecules. The two gases have comparable mass (H 2 and He). Unlike gas of atomic number 1 (hydrogen), helium gas exists as monatomic particles. Helium is one of the noble gases or inert gases, which means it has a complete electron valence shell so it's not reactive.At ordinary temperature and pressure, helium is an extremely light, colorless gas.Most of the helium-3 found today was present at the time of the Earth's formation. So, the average atomic weight may not really apply to a given sample. Unlike most elements, the isotopic composition of helium greatly depends on its source. ![]() In the atmosphere, there is one atom of helium-3 for every million helium-4 atoms. There are nine isotopes of helium, but only helium-3 and helium-4 are stable.
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